The masses have a right to change property relations Fascism seeks to give them an expression while reserving property. There is no greater critique than Walter Benjamin’s summary judgment at the end of “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” (1936):įascism attempts to organize the newly created proletarian masses without affecting the property structure which the masses strive to eliminate. Fascism sees its salvation in giving these masses not their right, but instead a chance to express themselves. As Apollinaire noted in his parody manifesto “L’Antitradition futuriste” (1913), futurism was the first collective effort to suppress history in the name of art. Even in Italy, there were a variety of futurisms, including Noisism or Bruitism, which wanted to join experiences and senses to each other (Carlo Carra called it “The Painting of Sounds, Noises, and Smells,” 1913), and Tactilism (the futurism of touch) and a Futurism of Woman (Valentine de Saint-Point, “Manifesto of Futurist Woman,” 1912). The Italian futurists include the poets Paolo Buzzi and Corrado Govani the painters Umberto Boccioni, Gino Severini, Carlo Carra, and Giacomo Balla the composers Luigi Russolo and Francesco Balilla Pratella and Il Duce himself, Benito Mussolini. He also showed appalling innocence about war, which he glorified as “the world’s only hygiene.” is more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace”), “the metallization of man,” the violent joys of crowds and cities. “You had to change methods, go down in the street, seize power in all the theatres, and introduce the fisticuff into the war of art.” The manifesto was his weapon, and he used it to praise danger and revolt, aggressive action, “the beauty of speed” (he famously proclaimed that “A racing car. “I felt, all of a sudden, that articles, poetries, and polemics no longer sufficed,” he said. The hyperkinetic Marinetti, who christened himself “the caffeine of Europe,” the self-proclaimed “primitive of a new sensibility,” was the driving force of futurism. The word futurism had a startling success, and the new movement spread rapidly through Italy, France, Spain, England, and Russia. The following additional definition of the term futurism is reprinted from A Poet's Glossary by Edward Hirsch.įilippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876–1944) dramatically launched the futurist movement on February 20, 1909, with his “violently upsetting, incendiary manifesto” called “The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism” (“We had stayed up all night, my friends and I”) and then bombarded Europe with his proclamations about the future. Futurism is an avant-garde movement in twentieth-century arts and literature that emphasized technology, speed, and movement.
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